Volume 9 ; Issue 2 ; in Month : July-Dec (2025) Article No : 194
Yadav DK, Mishra R, Saini P, et al.

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, continue to remain as one of the paramount infectious diseases especially in developing countries. Issues such as long duration of treatment, side effects to the drugs, and increasing resistance to drugs call for pharmaceutical and pharmacological measures to achieve better therapeutic results. Objective: This review will encompass recent therapeutic and pharmaceutical advances in the treatment of Tuberculosis and their potential applications to help overcome some limitations faced by current approaches of therapy. Methodology: The purpose of this review was to analyze relevant articles published over 2015 to 2025 with the assistance of the databases PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. Selected articles are all peer reviewed and discuss novel drug delivery systems, pharmacokinetics of anti-TB agents, drug resistance mechanisms, and clinical efficacy of novel pharmacological agents. Both monotherapy and combination therapy, as well as adjunct formulations were analyzed. Result: New drug delivery technologies have enhanced the bioavailability and patient compliance. These include nanoformulations, liposomal carriers, inhalable drugs for TB and fixed-dose combinations. Appreciable results have been obtained against MDR and XDR TB strains with the advent of bedaquiline, pretomanid and delamanid. Together, these approaches forge a stronger and efficient treatment strategy against TB. Conclusion: TB control requires a 2 pronged drug pharmacological approach. Advances in drug delivery and pharmacotherapy hold the key to addressing the present treatment challenges and improving patient outcomes.

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