Volume 9 ; Issue 2 ; in Month : July-Dec (2025) Article No : 192
Fazal B, Karim MJ, Ranjan S, et al.

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the exploration and development of drugs derived from marine-based natural compounds. A wide array of marine organisms—including fungi, halophytes, bacteria, cyanobacteria, and cone snails—have yielded promising chemical entities for pharmaceutical research. These biologically active compounds from natural marine sources are gaining considerable attention, especially those with potential to target key molecules involved in various diseases. Current studies are primarily focused on microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi isolated from marine sediments, algae, seaweeds, and invertebrates like sponges, mollusks, tunicates, and crabs. The marine environment presents promising opportunities for developing new therapies against bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections—particularly in light of growing resistance to conventional drugs and emerging infectious threats. Concerns such as bioterrorism, antimicrobial resistance, and newly arising infectious diseases have further fueled interest in marine-derived compounds, despite most clinical trials focusing primarily on cancer therapies. Marine natural products are generally categorized into three main biological sources: marine microorganisms (e.g., phytoplankton), marine algae, and marine invertebrates. Among these, the marine ecosystem is considered a highly productive reservoir of bioactive secondary metabolites. Compounds extracted from various types of algae—especially brown algae—are of particular interest due to their wide-ranging biological functions and compatibility with human systems. The vast biodiversity within the oceans remains a largely untapped resource, offering numerous plant, animal, and microbial species with the potential to produce novel bioactive agents.

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