Volume 10 ; Issue 2 ; in Month : July-Dec (2026) Article No : 213
Sarswat D, Quamuddin M, Nimesh S, et al.

Abstract

The liver performs several vital physiological and biochemical functions, including metabolism, detoxification, protein synthesis, nutrient regulation and bile secretion. Exposure to hepatotoxic drugs, chemicals, alcohol and infections can impair hepatic function and cause liver injury. Paracetamol (PCM) overdose and isoniazid (INH) therapy are important causes of drug-induced hepatotoxicity, mainly through oxidative stress and the formation of reactive metabolites. The present study evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri against PCM- and INH-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. In the PCM model, hepatic injury was induced by oral administration of PCM (750 mg/kg) on the 8th and 16th days of the 21-day experimental period. In the INH model, isoniazid (50 mg/kg) was administered orally for 28 days, followed by treatment with the plant extract for 15 days. The extract was evaluated at two dose levels and its effects were compared with the standard hepatoprotective drug, silymarin. Treatment with the ethanolic leaf extract significantly improved the altered biochemical parameters in a dose-dependent manner. It reduced elevated serum liver enzymes and increased serum albumin and total protein levels. The higher dose showed greater protective activity, with significant differences observed compared with the toxic control groups. Histopathological findings further supported the biochemical results, showing improvement in hepatic architecture following extract treatment. Overall, the findings indicate that the ethanolic leaf extract of P. niruri possesses significant hepatoprotective activity against PCM and INH induced liver injury. The observed effect may be related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytoconstituents. Further studies are required to identify the active constituents and clarify their mechanisms of action.

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