Volume 10 ; Issue 1 ; in Month : Jan-June (2026) Article No : 203
Mandal RK, Sneha, Sonia

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is a serious world health concern with millions affected annually. The development of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis strains shows how the development of novel therapy approaches is highly needed. Nanoparticles have emerged as a promising drug delivery platform due to their potential for targeted delivery, sustained release and enhanced intracellular accumulation within infected macrophages while reducing systemic toxicity. Objectives: This review aims to explore the formulation and structural aspects as well as compositional properties of an effective nanoparticle based drug delivery system of TB treatment, pre-clinical studies and patent developments. It considers their ability to enhance drug bioavailability and efficacy along with targeting performance and experimental difficulties when utilizing its effect on intervening commercialization and translation problems. Methodology: PubMed analysis, Google Scholar analysis, Scopus analysis, Google Patents, Clinicaltrials.gov, etc. were the sources of the relevant literature published between 2015 to 2026. The review includes the classification, structure and composition of nanoparticles. Further it includes pathogenesis guided drug delivery approaches, patents, formulations and pre-clinical trials. Key Findings: Nanoparticles enhance pharmacokinetics, drug stability and macrophage targeted delivery. Patents & pre-clinical studies highlight innovations in polymer selection, encapsulation efficiency and sustained-release formulations. Despite promising results, challenges remain in large-scale production, regulatory approval and cost-effective accessibility. Conclusion: Nanoparticles represent a transformative approach in TB therapy, bridging formulation innovation with pre-clinical applicability. Continued research and development are essential to realize their full potential in combating drug-resistant TB.

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