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<title>Journal-of-Pharmaceutical-Research-Science-Technology-ISSUE VOLUME Volume 10 ISSUE Issue 2</title>
<link>http://ijpp.edwiserinternational.com/rss-feed.php</link>
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Journal-of-Pharmaceutical-Research-Science-Technology: VOLUME Volume 10 ISSUE Issue 2, July-Dec 2026
</description>
<language>en-us</language>
<managingEditor>editor@edwiserinternational.com</managingEditor>
<webMaster>editor@edwiserinternational.com</webMaster>
<copyright>editor@edwiserinternational.com</copyright>
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<title>Journal-of-Pharmaceutical-Research-Science-Technology-ISSUE VOLUME Volume 10 ISSUE Issue 2</title>
<link>http://ijpp.edwiserinternational.com/rss-feed.php</link>
<url>http://ijpp.edwiserinternational.com/img/logo1.png</url>
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		<title>Phytochemical-Profiling-and-In-Vitro-Antidiabetic-Evaluation-of-Costus-Igneus-and-Vernonia-Amygdalina-Leaf-Extracts-A-Comprehensive-Review</title>
		<pubDate>22-Jul-2026</pubDate>
<link>http://ijpp.edwiserinternational.com/admin/uploads/4Um2Bp.pdf</link>
		<author>Anand-P-Fazal-B-Karim-MJ-et-al</author>
		<comments>{http://www.edwiserinternational.com/contact-us.php}</comments>
		<category>Pharmaceutical Science,Medical Science</category>
		<description>{<![CDATA[Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic metabolic disorders worldwide and is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. The increasing global burden of diabetes, coupled with the limitations and adverse effects associated with conventional antidiabetic drugs, has accelerated the search for safer and more effective plant-derived therapeutic alternatives. Medicinal plants rich in bioactive phytochemicals have emerged as promising candidates owing to their multitarget mechanisms, antioxidant potential, and comparatively lower toxicity. Among these, Costus igneus (Insulin Plant) and Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter Leaf) have attracted considerable scientific attention because of their traditional use in the management of diabetes and their diverse pharmacological properties. This review comprehensively summarizes the phytochemical composition, extraction techniques, phytochemical profiling approaches, and in-vitro antidiabetic activities of Costus igneus and Vernonia amygdalina. Major phytoconstituents identified in these plants include flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, phytosterols, and various antioxidant compounds. Advanced analytical techniques have significantly enhanced the identification and characterization of these bioactive molecules. The review further discusses the antidiabetic mechanisms demonstrated through various in-vitro experimental models, including -amylase inhibition, -glucosidase inhibition, glucose uptake assays, glucose diffusion retardation, protein glycation inhibition, pancreatic -cell protection, antioxidant assays, and insulin-mimetic activities. Overall, the available evidence suggests that Costus igneus and Vernonia amygdalina represent valuable natural reservoirs of bioactive compounds with substantial potential for the development of novel plant-based antidiabetic therapeutics. Their multifunctional pharmacological properties support their continued investigation as complementary and alternative strategies for diabetes management. This review provides an updated scientific perspective that may facilitate future translational research and pharmaceutical development in herbal antidiabetic therapy. ]]>}</description>
		</item><item>
		<title>Rutin-Attenuates-Serotonin-Induced-Gastric-Ulceration-in-Rats-via-Antioxidant-Defense-Enhancement-and-Inhibition-of-Inflammatory-Responses</title>
		<pubDate>02-Aug-2026</pubDate>
<link>http://ijpp.edwiserinternational.com/admin/uploads/3BFaNT.pdf</link>
		<author>Anand-A-Mishra-R-Pandey-A-et-al-</author>
		<comments>{http://www.edwiserinternational.com/contact-us.php}</comments>
		<category>Pharmaceutical Science,Medical Science</category>
		<description>{<![CDATA[Background: Gastric ulcer is a disorder that occurs when the stomach's lining becomes damaged. This deterioration transpires when the gastric lining lacks sufficient strength to safeguard itself from external factors. The gastric lining deteriorates. This facilitates the potential for adverse elements to inflict damage. Serotonin is a substance that can exacerbate damage to the stomach lining. It achieves this by inducing stress and inflammation in the gastric region. We aimed to investigate whether a substance known as Rutin may safeguard the stomach against ulcer formation. We conducted an experiment on rats to see whether Rutin can prevent the exacerbation of ulcers. We administered a substance to the rats that would induce ulcers. Subsequently, we administered Rutin to observe the outcome. We believe that Rutin may assist due to its characteristics that might alleviate inflammation and stress. We seek to determine whether Rutin can effectively inhibit the advancement of ulcers. We are endeavoring to avert the occurrence of stomach ulcers through the application of Rutin. This research could yield significant new insights on the therapeutic application of Rutin in the management and prevention of gastric ulcers linked to serotonin creatinine sulphate.Methodology: In experimental rats, the introduction of serotonin creatinine sulphate led to the formation of stomach mucosal ulcers. The rats were administered Rutin prior to that. The intensity of the ulcers was evaluated using the ulcer index. This indicates the degree of mucosal damage. Furthermore, we evaluated stress by the detection of reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde. We investigated the tissues of the stomach for alterations. We ran analysis to identify the importance of the findings. P-value < 0.05 was determined to be statistically significant. The inquiry was focused on the evolution of stomach ulcers and putative protective impact of Rutin was given.Results: The injection of serotonin creatinine sulphate has an effect on the stomach. It made the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione go down a lot. This signifies that the stomach lining became destroyed because of excessive oxygen. The levels of malondialdehyde and ulcer index also went increased a lot. When we provided Rutin before that it helped a lot. The ulcer index fell lowered. There was less harm to the fats in the body. This suggests that Rutin can help prevent gastric troubles. Rutin also helped with inflammation. Increased the activity of natural antioxidant enzymes. When we looked at the stomach tissue we saw that the groups that had Rutin had a typical stomach anatomy. There were cells penetrating the stomach lining and the mucosal integrity was retained. This shows that Rutin can help prevent tissue damage and maintain the stomach structure stable. The serotonin creatinine sulphate caused a lot of damage. Rutin was able to counteract that. Rutin is particularly helpful, at supporting the stomach and keeping it healthy.Conclusion: Rutin's powerful gastro protective function has been proven by its clear protective impact against serotonin creatinine sulphate -induced stomach ulcers. Its cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory characteristics imply probable therapeutic use for the treatment of stomach ulcers. Given its capacity to decrease mucosal damage and retain stomach integrity, our results underline the need for greater research into Rutin as a potential treatment for ulcers.]]>}</description>
		</item><item>
		<title>Development-and-Validation-of-a-Simple-RP-HPLC-Method-for-Quantitative-Determination-of-Remdesivir-in-Bulk-Drug-and-Pharmaceutical-Dosage-Form</title>
		<pubDate>26-Aug-2026</pubDate>
<link>http://ijpp.edwiserinternational.com/admin/uploads/X7qGbv.pdf</link>
		<author>Kumar-R-Pawar-M-Sarankar-SK</author>
		<comments>{http://www.edwiserinternational.com/contact-us.php}</comments>
		<category>Pharmaceutical Science,Medical Science</category>
		<description>{<![CDATA[Background: Remdesivir is an antiviral nucleotide analogue used in the management of COVID-19. Reliable analytical procedures are essential for quantitative determination of remdesivir in pharmaceutical products and for routine quality-control analysis.Objective: The present study aimed to develop and validate a simple, precise, accurate, specific, sensitive, robust and rugged RP-HPLC method for quantitative determination of remdesivir in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form.Methods: Chromatographic method development was performed using a reversed-phase C18 column. Different mobile-phase compositions and chromatographic conditions were evaluated to obtain satisfactory peak shape and chromatographic performance. The final validated method employed a C18 column (250  4.6 mm, 5 m) with phosphate buffer (0.02 M, pH 3.5):acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) as an isocratic mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection was performed at 245 nm with an injection volume of 20 L and a total run time of 6 min. The method was validated for system suitability, specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), robustness and ruggedness.Results: The developed method produced a well-defined remdesivir peak at a mean retention time of 5.82 min. System-suitability assessment demonstrated a mean theoretical plate count of 5467 and a mean tailing factor of 1.09, with retention-time %RSD of 0.12%. The method was linear over the concentration range of 550 g/mL Mean recovery was 99.57%. Intra-day and inter-day precision showed %RSD values of 0.10% and 0.12%, respectively. LOD and LOQ were 0.095 and 0.287 g/mL, respectively. No significant interference from blank or placebo was observed at the remdesivir retention region. Ruggedness studies using different analysts and instruments also demonstrated satisfactory reproducibility.Conclusion: The validated RP-HPLC method demonstrated satisfactory specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, robustness and ruggedness. The method is simple and suitable for routine quantitative determination of remdesivir in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage forms.]]>}</description>
		</item><item>
		<title>NAFLD-Emerging-Lifestyle-Disorder-and-Challenges-in-Drug-Therapy</title>
		<pubDate>27-Aug-2026</pubDate>
<link>http://ijpp.edwiserinternational.com/admin/uploads/RWZMUg.pdf</link>
		<author>Kumar-A-Ranjan-S-Kumar-M-et-al-</author>
		<comments>{http://www.edwiserinternational.com/contact-us.php}</comments>
		<category>Pharmaceutical Science,Medical Science</category>
		<description>{<![CDATA[Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a rapidly escalating global health crisis and the primary hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The disease is intimately linked to the worldwide epidemics of obesity, severe insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This comprehensive review explores the dynamic clinical spectrum of NAFLD. It details the pathological progression from simple, asymptomatic fat accumulation (steatosis) to aggressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advanced fibrosis, and irreversible liver cirrhosis. Epidemiological trends indicate an alarming rise in global and regional prevalence, placing a massive burden on the Indian healthcare system. The unique Indian demographic profile, characterized by a high incidence of "lean NAFLD" and rapid rural-urban dietary shifts, presents distinct diagnostic challenges. The complex pathogenesis is best explained by the "multiple-hit hypothesis," which illustrates how lifestyle drivers, genetic susceptibility, severe lipotoxicity, and gut microbiome dysbiosis simultaneously destroy hepatic architecture. Furthermore, this study examines the heavily under-researched, bidirectional link between systemic neuroinflammation, psychotropic medications, and accelerated metabolic liver damage. Despite the massive clinical burden, a significant therapeutic gap remains. There are currently no universally approved, targeted pharmacological treatments specifically for NAFLD or NASH. Consequently, disease management depends heavily on sustained lifestyle modifications, including strict dietary control and regular physical activity. Pharmacological interventions are primarily limited to off-label prescribing aimed at controlling co-existing cardiovascular and metabolic risks. Ultimately, this study highlights the urgent clinical necessity for novel drug discovery in hepatology. It strongly emphasizes the indispensable role of pharmacy professionals within a multi-disciplinary healthcare team. Pharmacists remain critical in managing complex polypharmacy, mitigating drug-induced metabolic side effects, and ensuring safe, comprehensive care for patients navigating this aggressive, silent epidemic.]]>}</description>
		</item><item>
		<title>Development-and-Validation-of-a-Simple-UVVisible-Spectrophotometric-Method-for-Quantitative-Estimation-of-Ibuprofen</title>
		<pubDate>09-Sep-2026</pubDate>
<link>http://ijpp.edwiserinternational.com/admin/uploads/BwmkML.pdf</link>
		<author>Kumar-S-Kumar-P-Fazal-B</author>
		<comments>{http://www.edwiserinternational.com/contact-us.php}</comments>
		<category>Pharmaceutical Science,Medical Science</category>
		<description>{<![CDATA[Background: Ibuprofen is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for the management of pain, inflammation and fever. Simple analytical procedures remain useful for routine pharmaceutical laboratories, particularly where chromatographic instrumentation is not readily available. The present study developed and evaluated a direct UVvisible spectrophotometric procedure for quantitative estimation of ibuprofen.Methods: Ibuprofen was dissolved in methanol and analyzed using a double-beam UVvisible spectrophotometer with 1-cm matched quartz cells. The absorption spectrum was recorded from 200400 nm and the analytical wavelength was selected from the observed maximum. Linearity was assessed at 212 g/mL. Accuracy was investigated at 80%, 100% and 120% levels; repeatability, intraday and interday precision, robustness to wavelength variation, and sensitivity were also evaluated.Results: Ibuprofen showed a maximum absorption at 222 nm. The project-reported calibration equation was y = 0.060x  0.001 with R = 0.9994 over 212 g/mL. Recovery ranged from 99.50% to 100.30%, with a mean recovery of 99.77%. Reported %RSD values for repeatability, intraday and interday precision were 0.61%, 0.78% and 1.04%, respectively. Absorbance values at 220, 222 and 224 nm were 0.592, 0.598 and 0.595, respectively. Reported LOD and LOQ were 0.16 and 0.49 g/mL.Conclusion: The evaluated procedure showed strong linear response, satisfactory recovery, low variability and tolerance to small wavelength changes. It therefore represents a rapid and economical procedure for quantitative analysis of ibuprofen standard solutions. Before claiming routine assay of finished dosage forms, formulation-specific selectivity and assay data should be generated.]]>}</description>
		</item><item>
		<title>N-2-4-dinitro-1-naphthyl-p-toluenesulphonamide-as-Charge-Transfer-Acceptor-for-Detecting-Cefuroxime-Physicochemical-Parameters-and-Spectrophotometric-Studies-of-Interaction-Point</title>
		<pubDate>13-Sep-2026</pubDate>
<link>http://ijpp.edwiserinternational.com/admin/uploads/FAT8tp.pdf</link>
		<author>Umoh-OE-Effiong-DE-Aderibigbe-SA-et-al-</author>
		<comments>{http://www.edwiserinternational.com/contact-us.php}</comments>
		<category>Pharmaceutical Science,Medical Science</category>
		<description>{<![CDATA[This work applied N-(2, 4-dinitro-1-naphthyl)-p-toluenesulphonamide {N-(2, 4-DN1NL) PTS} in determining pure alternative spectrophotometry method. Charge-transfer (CT) complexation complex of cefuroxime  (n-electron donor) and N-(2, 4-dinitro-1-naphthyl)-p-toluenesulphonamide {N-(2, 4-DN1NL) PTS}, a (-electron acceptor) was formed following their reaction to give deep golden-yellow color with a new absorption band at 440 nm which was adopted as the analytical wavelength. Molar absorptivity for  CFU was 1.48  0.167  104 L M-1 cm-1 . Optimized temperature and time for the  reaction was 300C and 10 minutes respectively. Acetonitrile was the best diluting solvent for optimal detector response and the complex was stable at room temperature for five (5) days. Beers law was observed in the concentration of 1.152-8.064 g mL-1 with low limits of detection of 0.254 g mL-1. Between-day recovery statistics of CFU from quality control samples was 102.22  0.34 (% RSD = 0.33) over three days. There was no interference from commonly used tablet excipients except for gelatin and can be corrected. No significant difference existed between the results of this new method and the USP high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure (p > 0.05). The ultraviolet, infrared and 1H-NMR spectra of the drug (CFU), N-(2, 4-DN1NL) PTS and adduct were used to predict the site of interaction. The new CT procedure described is simple, fast, accurate and precise and were carried out at room temperature compared to previously described procedures. This method thus offers a reliable alternative procedure for the quality assessment of CFU as a pure drug, in formulation and biological samples and finds great usefulness in the fight against antibiotic counterfeiting and consequential resistance particularly in low resource settings.]]>}</description>
		</item><item>
		<title>Design-Preparation-and-In-vitro-Evaluation-of-Ciprofloxacin-Hydrochloride-Floating-Tablets-using-Irvingia-Gabonensis-as-Biopolymer-Matrix</title>
		<pubDate>21-Oct-2026</pubDate>
<link>http://ijpp.edwiserinternational.com/admin/uploads/aAjbCP.pdf</link>
		<author>Akpabio-EI-Effiong-DE-Uwah-TO-et-al-</author>
		<comments>{http://www.edwiserinternational.com/contact-us.php}</comments>
		<category>Pharmaceutical Science,Medical Science</category>
		<description>{<![CDATA[Irvingia gabonensis (IG)  gum is a biopolymer from Dika nuts. Its aqueous dispersion forms a viscous hydrocolloid with random coil conformations and has been used as matrix for controlled drug delivery. This work investigates its use to deliver ciprofloxacin as floating tablets.Dika nut was defatted and the IG gum chemically precipitated from aqueous dispersion was evaluated in the solid state and used in the formulation of ciprofloxacin floating tablet by wet granulation. Tablets were evaluated for buoyancy, mechanical and release properties. Tablet parameters were compared with those of other polymeric matrix-formers; guar gum, ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl-methyl-cellulose (HPMC). The obtained data  were presented as descriptive statistics and compared using selected release kinetics and swelling kinetic models.Findings showed that IG gum had a yield of 15.2 % w/w,  pH of 4.3, and a viscosity of 200 mPas. Matrix tablets of IG gum (F1) had floating lag time (FLT) of 4.5 seconds but total floating time was 24 hours.  F4 (tablets with guar gum) however had an FLT of about 3 minutes.  F1 followed a zero order release kinetics with a t90 of 7.8 hours,  F3 and F4 (tablets with ethylcellulose and guar gum respectively) were best described by the Higuchi kinetic model. Only F2 (tablets with HPMC) had drug content left at the 12th hour of  dissolution studies releasing only about 80% drug. Irvingia gum showed good potential for floating tablet matrix. With formulation optimization, the IG biopolymer will find usefulness in modified drug delivery.]]>}</description>
		</item><item>
		<title>Gastroprotective-and-Antioxidant-Effects-of-Ethanolic-Extract-of-Smilax-Zeylanica-in-Indomethacin-Induced-Gastric-Ulcer-in-Albino-Wistar-Rats</title>
		<pubDate>30-Sep-2026</pubDate>
<link>http://ijpp.edwiserinternational.com/admin/uploads/TLswQH.pdf</link>
		<author>Gupta-H-Quamuddin-M-Nimesh-S-et-al-</author>
		<comments>{http://www.edwiserinternational.com/contact-us.php}</comments>
		<category>Pharmaceutical Science,Medical Science</category>
		<description>{<![CDATA[Background: Considering NSAIDs, such as indomethacin, produce oxidative stress, prostaglandin suppression, and cyclooxygenase inhibition, PUD remains a major issue for health care systems worldwide. The development of safer medications is necessary since current medications, are helpful but also carry a risk of negative effects.Objective: To evaluate the free-radical scavenger and gastroprotective properties of the ethanol-based extract of Smilax zeylanica leaves in an albino Wistar rat model of gastric ulcer caused by indomethacin.Methods: Male Wistar rats of adult age were divided into five groups, including control, ulcer control, standard drug (omeprazole, 20 mg/kg), and two groups receiving ethanolic extract of Smilax zeylanica leaves (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 14 days. The ulcer index, preventive index, levels of SOD, NO, GSH, MDA and histamine were evaluated, and histopathological analysis was performed.Results: Histamine levels, oxidative damage biomarker levels, and ulcer severity have all significantly increased after using indomethacin. By raising the concentration of NO and GSH, lowering the concentration of MDA and histamine in a dose-dependent way, and boosting the protective index, the pretreatment of Smilax zeylanica extract was shown to have a substantial impact on both the ulcer index and the ulcer count. By demonstrating that a dosage of 200 mg/kg had effects comparable to those of omeprazole, microscopic investigations validated the extract's protective efficacy.Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Smilax zeylanica exhibits a remarkable gastroprotective activity, as well as its antioxidant properties, indicating its possible use as the natural product for treating peptic ulcer diseases caused by NSAIDs.]]>}</description>
		</item><item>
		<title>Evaluation-of-the-Hepatoprotective-Effect-of-Phyllanthus-niruri-in-Paracetamol-and-Isoniazid-Induced-Hepatotoxicity-in-Albino-Wistar-Rat</title>
		<pubDate>19-Oct-2026</pubDate>
<link>http://ijpp.edwiserinternational.com/admin/uploads/IGdwqS.pdf</link>
		<author>Sarswat-D-Quamuddin-M-Nimesh-S-et-al-</author>
		<comments>{http://www.edwiserinternational.com/contact-us.php}</comments>
		<category>Pharmaceutical Science,Medical Science</category>
		<description>{<![CDATA[The liver performs several vital physiological and biochemical functions, including metabolism, detoxification, protein synthesis, nutrient regulation and bile secretion. Exposure to hepatotoxic drugs, chemicals, alcohol and infections can impair hepatic function and cause liver injury. Paracetamol (PCM) overdose and isoniazid (INH) therapy are important causes of drug-induced hepatotoxicity, mainly through oxidative stress and the formation of reactive metabolites. The present study evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri against PCM- and INH-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. In the PCM model, hepatic injury was induced by oral administration of PCM (750 mg/kg) on the 8th and 16th days of the 21-day experimental period. In the INH model, isoniazid (50 mg/kg) was administered orally for 28 days, followed by treatment with the plant extract for 15 days. The extract was evaluated at two dose levels and its effects were compared with the standard hepatoprotective drug, silymarin. Treatment with the ethanolic leaf extract significantly improved the altered biochemical parameters in a dose-dependent manner. It reduced elevated serum liver enzymes and increased serum albumin and total protein levels. The higher dose showed greater protective activity, with significant differences observed compared with the toxic control groups. Histopathological findings further supported the biochemical results, showing improvement in hepatic architecture following extract treatment. Overall, the findings indicate that the ethanolic leaf extract of P. niruri possesses significant hepatoprotective activity against PCM and INH induced liver injury. The observed effect may be related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytoconstituents. Further studies are required to identify the active constituents and clarify their mechanisms of action.]]>}</description>
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